(美洲华联社洛杉矶报道) 二战史料收藏家、美国飞虎研究会会长陈灿培于2月17日举行新闻发布会,介绍二战以来美国出版的地图。他表示,这些地图可以证明南海诸岛是中国的;也可以说明美国屡屡插手南海是有目的的,这是要搞乱南海,制造这一地区的紧张,分散中国的精力,进而向南海周边国家军售进行军售。
左起依次为李锦生、吴玉熙和陈灿培
当天的新闻发布会由中华会馆监事长吴玉熙主持。中华会馆主席方杰洲和副主席李锦生等侨界人士与会。
陈灿培表示,南海出现问题,是近些年来的事情,问题的核心之一是南海诸岛的归属问题。最近,美国有计划拟派航母巡弋南海, 并计划进入人工岛的12海里;美国新任国务卿蒂勒森在听証会上也方言,不许中国靠近南海岛礁。南海问题似乎有升级的趋势。
陈灿培介绍说,日前澳大利亚记者询问中美是否会在南海发生军事冲突时,中国外交部长王毅回应到,我只想给美国朋友一个建议:重温一下二战历史。作为二战的胜利成果,《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》明确规定,日本必须将所窃取的中国领土归还中国,这其中就包括南沙群岛。1946年,当时的中国政府是在美国方面的协助下公开依法收复被日本侵占的南沙群岛,恢复行使主权。后来中国周边一些国家以非法形式占据部分南沙岛礁,这才产生所谓南海争议。
陈灿培表示,王毅的回答是肯定的,是有依据的。今年年初他研究了数家美国大公司出版的地图, 至少有6家大公司在二战时或后出版的中国地图, 标明了南海诸岛是中国的,这6家公司是 Rand McNelly、Hammon、Time、Collier、National Georgraphic和Encyclopaedia Britannica 。他特别列举了1942-147年版的大不列颠百科世界地图(Encyclopaedia Britannica WORLD ATLAS )中58、59页中的中国南海地图,其中西沙群岛标注的“ Paracel Is (China)”,南沙群岛标注的是“ Spratly (Jap)”,这的确是历史事实,因为当时南沙群岛被日本占领。
上图为40年代的地图,下图为近些年的地图,对于西沙和南沙群岛的定义完全改变了。
陈灿培说,但是美国在后来出版的地图上,把南沙群岛化划为有多国争议的地区,这显示了美国对南海的别有用心。其实美国对南海并不感兴趣,但是屡屡插手南海,目的是制造南海周边国家的矛盾,搞乱南海,分散中国的精力;同时挑起南海的紧张局势,造成要打仗的气氛,让各国进行军备,这样就可以购买美国的武器。美国进行军售,赚钱要远比贸易来得快、来得多。
陈灿培还表示,之所以现在才翻出这些资料,是因为有关南海岛屿的术语实在是十分少见,像“Paracel”、“Spratly”,如果不是专门查字典、看地图,是不会知道就是西沙、南沙的意思。另外,由于经济等方面的原因,很多美国人对二战的历史已经有些漠然,关心的是美国目前的经济及就业等。去年是珍珠港事件75周年,除了夏威夷和首都华盛顿外,美国本土其他地方几乎没有纪念活动,更何况中国南海的历史。作为美国华人,我们有责任向美国人民说清楚南海诸岛的归属。这些对于南海诸岛归属问题非常有说服力的老地图册,10几美元就可以买到。
附件:部份美國公司出版中國地图有展示南沙諸島及其歸屬:
1. Rand McNally:
1940 China French Indochina Thailand and Chosen
– 西沙群島Paracel Islands (China)
– No listing for釣魚島 Senkaku
1943 Popular WORLD ATLAS (w/ World War II Boundaries and Graphs)
– P99 西沙群島Paracel Island (China)
– No listing for 釣魚島Senkaku and 黄岩岛Scarborough
2. Hammon:
1965 ASIA CHINA MAP WITH PARACEL ISLAND AND REEFS, 14” X 10”
– 西沙群島Paracel Is and Reefs (China)
2010 The World Almanac 2010 World Atlas
– 釣魚島Senkaku (no listing)
– P 137東沙群島Dongsha I (Pratas) (China)
– 黄岩岛Scarborough Shoal (no indication)
– 西沙群島Paracel (dispute)
– 南沙群島Spratly (dispute)
3. Time
1980 The Hammon World Atlas, Hardcover
– P81, 83 Paracel Is and Reefs (China)
– Spratly ( no indication)
4. Collier:
1943 & 1944 World Atlas and Gazetteer
P103 – 西沙群島Paracel Islands (China)
5. National Geographic:
1955 Southeast Asia
– 釣魚島 Senkaku, 西沙群島Paracel Islands (no indication)
– 東沙群島Pratas (China)
1964 China
– Pratas (China),
– Senkaku (no indication)
6. 1942 – 1947 ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA WORLD ATLAS
– P 58, 59 Paracel Is (China)
– P 58, 59 Spratly (Jap)
7. 荷蘭
1640 – 1662荷蘭古中國及東亞地图 – 南海已频有中國帆船行駛AN ORIGINAL ANTIQUE MAP BY BLAEU, WILLEM & JOAEN, PUBLISHED IN AMSTERDAM, 1640-1662. ONE OF THE MOST SOUGHT AFTER MAPS OF CHINA AND EAST ASIA. THIS MAP IS OVER 350 YEARS OLD. FINE CRISP IMPRESSION, CLEAN IMAGES, BEAUTIFUL COLORS, VERY RARE WORK. SIZE 580 X 480 MM OR 22.8 BY 18.8 INCHES. FULL ORIGINAL MARGINS.
Title/Image Name: China Veteribus Sinarum Regio nunc Incolis Tame dicta. (The China – East Asia Map).
Authors/Artists: BLAEU, Willem Janszoon (1571-1638) and Joaen (1596-1673). Date of Publication: Amsterdam, 1640-1662. Published by Joaen & Cornelius Blaeu.
Type of Print: Original hand colored copper engraving. Size of Image/Print: Size 58.0 x 48.0 cm or 22.8 by 18.8 inches, centre fold as published. Full original margins, German text on the verso.
Description: The map shows Korea as an island, the three main islands of Japan, Formosa (Taiwan) and Northern Luzon (Philippines). The Island of Formosa (Taiwan) appears more accurately depicted than the earlier maps of China by Ortelius and Hondius. Attractive calligraphy to the right of Japan states, Oceanus Chinensis. Two Dutch galleons appear above and below Japan as do two Chinese junks off Luconia (Luzon). Shows the Great Wall but much of it distorted based on incorrect initial reports by Jesuits. This map was based on one first issued by Abraham Ortelius in his atlas, “Theatrum Orbis Terrarum” in 1584. The map is decorated with a title cartouche, dedication cartouche and the coat-of-arms of Theodore Bas director of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), scale cartouche and galleons.
Authors & Cartographers: The Blaeu family was a group of cartographers, instrument makers, publishers and book sellers in Amsterdam in the 17th century. Willem Janszoon Blaeu was the founder of the Blaeu publishing firm. In 1635 in collaboration with his sons, Blaeu published the first two volumes of “Atlas Novus or Theatrum Orbis Terrarum.” After his death in 1638, the business passed to his sons, Joaen Blaeu and Cornelius Blaeu. Together, the brothers expanded the atlas.
References: Koeman/V.d.Krogt, Atlantes Neerlandici, Vol. I, 8410:1 B; Moreland, Carl and David Bannister. “Antique Maps: A Collector’s Handbook.” New York: Longman Group, Ltd., 1983.